On the Hadronic Origin of High-energy Emission of γ-Ray-loud Narrow-line Seyfert 1 PKS 1502+036

Abstract The radiation mechanism of Radio-Loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 (RL-NLS1) galaxies from X-ray to γ -ray bands remains an open question. While the leptonic model has been employed explain spectral energy distribution (SED), hadronic process may potentially account for high-energy some -ray-loud (NLS1) as well. We study one such RL-NLS1s, PKS 1502+036, comparing theoretical SEDs predicted by and lepto-hadronic observed one. For processes, we take into proton synchrotron proton–photon interactions (including Bethe–Heitler photopion process) including emission pairs generated in electromagnetic cascade initiated these processes. Our results show that can reproduce SED this source, which be interpreted inverse Compton scattering. On other hand, also component although extreme parameters are needed. demonstrate p well cannot SED. imply a origin is favored multiwavelength 1502+036.